How to answer programming questions online

Find a duplicate
Perform a sanity check
Do not answer using guesswork
Offer a generalized solution
Use best practices
Test your code
Keep your answers up to date
Comments (3)

There is one thing that people participating on Stack Overflow often do not realize:

When answering, one is helping not only the user who asked question, but also thousands other people who will come from Google search later.

While everyone is trying to fulfill the wishes of the particular OP, the numbers are against them: the OP will forget this question the next day, while other people will keep coming for many years.

So in the light of this simple equation, one can formulate the basic principles for answering:

Find a duplicate

Before answering, look for a duplicate. Most likely this question has been answered already and it's better to link an existing answer than to write another one.

Perform a sanity check

always perform a sanity check for the question. People make strange assumptions and draw even stranger conclusions. Always verify the claimed behavior against your knowledge. If you don't have enough knowledge in the area, then don't answer at all, but wait for more experienced users to come.

think one move ahead: what would be the outcome of my answer? Will it do any good for the OP? May be it would contradict with good practices or common sense?
think one move behind: why would the OP ask such a question? What could be the background? Isn't a question being an XY problem? If so, what could be the actual problem instead?

Do not answer using guesswork

Avoid blunt suggestions like "a file cannot be saved? check permissions!". There are thousands possible reasons for such a problem. Even if your suggestion will work for the OP, there are others for whom it won't. First tell a user how they can get the error message that will reveal the actual problem, and after that offer them the solution for this particular issue. Consider editing the question to include the error message to help future visitors quickly identify whether the question applies to their case.

Offer a generalized solution

When answering, always prefer a generalized solution for the problem stated in the question title, as Google will send people from Search based on the title.

Only after offering a generalized solution, add a section for the OP's problem. It will help them but not at the cost of distracting the future visitors.
Refrain from nitpicking, and do not make your answer an irrelevant code review. It will distract a future reader from the core problem's solution. If a code review is all you can offer then don't answer at all, instead vote to close the question as it is off topic - it may be better suited to Code Review Stack Exchange.
In case the question title is not relevant to the body, or not informative at all, edit the question title. It should be relevant to the problem and unique enough. As a result, it will attract more visitors and bring you more upvotes.

Use best practices

Always offer the better solution, follow the best practice known for the moment. Avoid quick and dirty hacks. People would code and copy/paste your code without thinking twice, so don't make Stack Overflow a dispenser of bad or outdated practices. Do not submit to low demands. Remember all those people who will learn from your answer.

Test your code

Always keep handy a test bench, an environment for the chosen language, where you can test the code you are offering. It will save you from making typos and also from a shameful blunder in case the technology is not that familiar to you. In short, always test your code before posting - it is not as hard as it seems. For example, every PHP user has a local web-server with PHP and database installed. It does no harm to write your code in your favorite editor, then run it and only then paste it to the answer.

A hint: you can always use this bench to test the code posted in the question. Sometimes the OP claims that their seemingly working code doesn't work, so you can test and prove it. Otherwise, vote to close the question.

Keep your answers up to date

If you notice that some answer of yours is getting more attention than others (in other words it gets an upvote once in a while), revisit it regularly and keep it up to date. One good, refined and well-explained answer is better than a dozen of quick and dirty code-only snippets.

Latest comments:

21.12.24 23:34
Paul Harding for (The only proper) PDO tutorial:
Fantastic articles, thank you very much for putting all this effort into them.
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17.12.24 07:19
Charles Roth for UPDATE query using PDO:
As described in one of your other excellent :-) phpdelusions pages, fetch() can do a (say)...
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16.12.24 20:08
Myles for (The only proper) PDO tutorial:
You only have silver on SQL-INJECTION. No one has gold.
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06.12.24 22:23
Charles Roth for (The only proper) PDO tutorial:
In your wonderful phpdelusions.net/pdo, you state that the types of results will always be...
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03.12.24 14:37
Adrian for Articles:
Have you written any books on PHP, or recommend any books? Thank you very much, and keep up the...
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Comments:

Phil Rasmussen, 28.04.22 17:58

I am in the process of upgrading my website coding to from php 7.1 to conform to php 7.4 requirements. Most of this re-coding deals with my mysql databases and tables.

I am switching all my database queries from mysqli to PDO.

I am having trouble with the PDO update process and I don't know if I am missing something in my coding or if this is a php.ini problem or a php version issue. I'm hoping that your can help me out. My PDO connection works as does select, delete, and insert. My update code is below.

Looking forward to hearing from you and what the problem might be. Phil Rasmussen

$stmt = $conn->prepare("
UPDATE classified
SET
buy_sell = :buy_sell,
date = :today,
item = :item,
price = :price,
description = :description,
status = :status,
photo = :photo
WHERE classified_id = :classified_id
");
echo "hi there";
$stmt-> bindParam(':buy_sell' , $buy_sell, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt-> bindParam(':date' , $today, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt-> bindParam(':item' , $item, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt-> bindParam(':price' , $price, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt-> bindParam(':description' , $description, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt-> bindParam(':status' , $status, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt-> bindParam(':photo' , $photo, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->bindParam('classified_id', $classified_id, PDO::PARAM_INT);
echo "hi-4";                     // seems to stop here
$stmt -> execute();
echo "hi-5";

Vishwa Jay, 16.12.20 02:00

I agree that the word "batter" in this situation (from 30 months before me) should instead be the word "better".

That being said, as a native speaker of English I also agree that the written English generally is top-notch. I have come here many times for PDO.
William Cole, 28.06.18 06:28

I think your English is excellent. This is about the "About" page, second paragraph from the bottom (above the Disclaimer): "could make Stack OVerflow a batter place" Should be: "could make Stack Overflow a better place"

Thank you for these tutorials.